Packing a distillation column involves placing either random or structured packing material inside the column to create a large surface area for mass transfer. The packing is typically arranged or configured in a way that is meant to maximize contact between vapor and liquid phases.
When packing a distillation column, the placement of random or structured packing is not arbitrary, but it involves an engineered design or plan as part of a comprehensive system. The entire system often includes trays, column internals and other components designed to facilitate the separation of components contained within a mixture. Engineers employ mathematical modeling and simulations to design and optimize the packaging arrangement for each individual distillation column to achieve the desired separation objectives.